对空间碎片近距随遇悬停的控制方法及悬停燃耗分析

对空间碎片检视或抓捕操控中的悬停控制及燃耗问题进行了研究。通过C W方程，建立任务星近距随遇定点悬停控制模型，通过设计状态反馈控制器分析定点悬停的可控性以及推控要求，结果表明近距悬停需要与悬停位置相关的两个正交方向上的常值连续推力控制量，以及用于抵抗扰动的三轴向上的反馈变推力控制量。分析了近距随遇悬停的推控分系统配置，建立了长时近距随遇悬停的燃耗及燃耗速率的数学模型，最后分析了既满足安全距离需求、又满足悬停方位需求的最小悬停燃耗模型。     

考虑测试性设计缺陷修正延时的测试性增长模型建模与评价方法

针对现有测试性增长模型忽略了测试性设计缺陷的修正延时过程，进而导致测试性增长模型（TGM）跟踪与预计精度低的问题，提出了一种考虑测试性设计缺陷修正延时的测试性增长模型建模理论与方法。首先分析测试性设计缺陷识别与修正之间的延时机理，得到剩余测试性设计缺陷（TDL）具有先增后减的铃形变化趋势；在此基础上，分别以Gamma、Raleigh和Delay-S 3种曲线拟合剩余测试性设计缺陷（RTDL）变化趋势，研究建立基于以上3种曲线考虑修正延时的测试性增长模型；最后，以某机载稳定跟踪平台测试性增长试验数据验证测试性增长模型拟合、跟踪及预计效能。研究结果表明：基于该测试性增长试验数据，Gamma曲线可以精确地拟合剩余测试性设计缺陷变化规律，测试性增长模型跟踪和预计精度可达到10^-2数量级。     

叶片飞脱下转子动力学响应实验

为了研究大涵道比涡扇发动机叶片飞脱时动力学响应,更好地进行发动机安全性设计,根据相似理论设计了包含叶片飞脱装置的突加不平衡实验系统并进行了实验验证。研究结果表明:设计的突加不平衡实验系统,与某型验证机相似度高,代表性强,能够有效可控地进行突加不平衡实验,重复性好,机理清晰且飞脱不平衡量大,能够真实地模拟发动机叶片飞脱响应。通过实验发现,当大突加不平衡发生时,频谱出现超次谐波并且冲击系数由于挤压油膜阻尼器限幅作用并不呈现线性关系,因而在后续研究中还应注意限幅导致的碰摩问题。      

组合临界流文丘里喷嘴空气流量测量方法高空舱应用分析

为满足发动机高空试验低流速进气条件下空气流量精确测量,减小进气导管气流附面层影响,弱化空气流量测量与被试发动机相关性。分析了单件/组合临界流文丘里喷嘴的工作特性,给出了组合临界流文丘里喷嘴(ACFVN)空气流量计算方法,依据给定试验发动机和高空舱尺寸设计了临界流文丘里喷嘴组合结构,得到了组合临界流文丘里喷嘴在高空舱应用的控制方法和测试布局。采用小尺寸喷嘴对组合喷嘴设计和应用方法进行了验证,结果表明:采用打开/关闭喷嘴数量和调节进气压力两种组合方式在高空舱内应用方法可行,测试布局满足测量要求,下游发动机进口截面气流紊流度优于0.3%,满足发动机高空模拟试验要求。      

硅半球深腔结构无损检测技术

半球深腔的加工质量是决定硅基MEMS半球陀螺精度的关键因素之一，及时检测半球深腔的形貌参数并将其反馈至加工过程，是确保高性能MEMS半球陀螺研制成功的重要措施。由于硅半球深腔的深度较大，台阶仪和光学显微成像系统无法对半球深腔的形貌特征进行有效测量。因此,需要将硅深腔结构剖开后采用扫描电镜(SEM)进行检测。这种检测方式时间周期长，且属于破坏性的样本检测，效率和测试精度都较低。提出以硅半球深腔为模具，利用PDMS铸模将硅半球深腔的结构尺寸和表面形貌转移到PDMS凸起的半球模型上，通过检测PDMS半球模型的尺寸结构和表面形貌，即可反推出硅半球深腔的尺寸特征。经实验验证，脱模后的PDMS模型可以准确地反映出半球深腔的尺寸信息，测量结果的不确定度小于5‰，有效解决了硅半球深腔无损检测的难题。     

三维叶轮机叶片黏性反问题设计改进方法

提出了一种改进的适用于三维黏性流场的叶轮机叶片反问题设计方法。该方法假设叶片的中弧线具有虚拟移动速度,其位移量由目标载荷与实际载荷的差值计算,并利用黏性底层厚度进行限制。采用三次B样条曲线插值方法对叶片中弧线进行光顺,新叶型通过更新后的中弧线和给定的叶片厚度得到。算例验算结果表明:该方法能够根据设计意图对叶型进行修改,鲁棒性强,收敛速度快,叶片的可变自由度高,不依赖于特定的网格和求解器,具备一定的通用性。      

Assessment on critical technologies for conceptual design of blended-wing-body civil aircraft

Civil aviation faces great challenges because of its robust projected future growth and potential adverse environmental effects. The classical Tube-And-Wing(TAW) configuration following the Cayley's design principles has been optimized to the architecture's limit, which can hardly satisfy the further requirements on green aviation. By past decades' investigations the BlendedWing-Body(BWB) concept has emerged as a potential solution, which can simultaneously fulfill metrics of noise, emission and fuel burn. The purpose of the present work is to analyze the developments of critical technologies for BWB conceptual design from a historical perspective of technology progress. It was found that the high aerodynamic efficiency of BWB aircraft can be well scaled by the mean aerodynamic chord and wetted aspect ratio, and should be realized with the trade-offs among stability and control and low-speed performance. The structure concepts of non-cylinder pressurized cabin are of high risks on weight prediction and weight penalty. A static stability criterion is recommended and further clear and adequate criteria are required by the evaluations of flying and handling qualities. The difficulties of propulsion and airframe integration are analyzed. The energy to revenue work ratios of well-developed BWB configurations are compared,which are 31.5% and 40% better than that of TAW, using state-of-art engine technology and future engine technology, respectively. Finally, further study aspects are advocated.     

超导重力仪器:机遇与挑战

超导重力仪器是利用超导电性构建的精密相对重力测量仪器，其工作于4.2K液氦温度，具有仪器固有噪声低、稳定性好的特点。阐述了超导重力仪和超导重力梯度仪两种仪器的工作原理与技术特征，简要介绍了作者所在课题组超导重力仪器研制的进展情况。分析了我国资源勘查用航空超导重力梯度仪研制所面临的机遇与挑战，提出了应对技术挑战的策略方法。     

面向下一代运载火箭的综合电子系统集成技术

介绍了面向下一代运载火箭分布式模块化电子系统(DIMA)的集成技术及系统架构。针对下一代运载火箭复杂电子系统的特点，按照系统集成的路线，对系统设计目标、系统功能需求分析、系统抽象机制、系统综合技术等多方面进行论述。首先，根据电气系统功能获得系统需求，采用功能抽象和层次抽象定义系统抽象模型，提取出高内聚低耦合的原子功能模块，并对模块的属性、交换关系、时序约束关系等进行定义；然后采用可视化表征方法对系统进行深入分析，利用系统综合技术实现了从系统功能到硬件资源的映射，从而给出了集成控制单元和模块的种类；随后采用分时分区的设计理念对系统节点分区划分方案及容错架构进行了定义，并对分区操作系统的调度模型和交换式的数据交互网络进行了论述，最终给出了系统软硬件架构。     

Energy requirements of a thermally processed ISRU radiation shield for a lunar habitat

The purpose of this study was to establish, on a first principles basis, the order of magnitude of energy requirements for a thermally processed, lunar regolith radiation shield constructed using an in-situ resource utilisation (ISRU) approach. This was done by developing a reference scenario habitat and using thermodynamic relationships and specific heat capacity expressions to determine the energy required to bring such a regolith volume up to sintering temperatures (c. 1,375 K). Once the energy requirements were developed some power system architectures were outlined conceptually and a nuclear power plant of c. 400 kW was suggested as a means to supply the necessary energy. This is well beyond current space nuclear applications. The study concludes that it is likely that the most efficient near-term solution is chemical processing of regolith, from an energy requirements perspective. The technology is also more mature and likely to be delivered on near term projects as it does not require such scaled-up power system architectures. Alternatively, bringing storm shelters up with the habitat to provide a means of weathering major solar events, and adding additional radiation protection to habitat quarters, possibly through a water blanket or similar mechanism, could provide a non-ISRU solution with current technology. However, in the longer term, the development of MW-scale power system architectures (fission, solar etc.), may permit a very large volume of material to be processed thermally for construction material, making a large, permanent human presence on the Moon more easily realisable.